Chapter 3

It is a
Virtue then to conquer it; and if we inspect into the early OEconomy of
all Nations, we shall find, that the most powerful Motives made use of
to induce Man to lessen this Fear, and moderate the Fondness which
Nature has given us of Life, had their Origin from Religion, or a
publick Spirit; that is, in other Words, from a Representation of his
Duty either to God or his Country. Thus holy Martyrs have suffer'd with
Fortitude for their Faith, and, in Confidence of eternal Happiness,
hasten'd to Death with Alacrity, and even rejoiced in the Midst of
Flames. And thus there have been valiant Men, in all Ages, that have
exposed themselves to the greatest Hazards, in Defence of their Laws and
Liberties, and, animated by a zealous Love for their Country, sacrific'd
their Lives to the publick Welfare. As Men of this Sort have every
where deservedly gained the general Applause, and the Virtue they are
possess'd of has been honoured by the Name of Courage; so, on the
contrary, the Fearful and Pusillanimous, that ever prefer their own
Safety to all other Considerations, and are therefore never to be relied
upon, are as justly despis'd, and the ignominious Word, by which we
reproach the Vice that enslaves them, is Cowardice.

From what has been said it is evident, that the original Reason why
Courage is generally esteemed, is, because it is taken for granted, that
both the Principle we act from, and the End we labour for in conquering
our Fears, are praise-worthy, and have a visible Tendency, either to the
Good of others, or our own spiritual Felicity. Nothing, therefore, is
more unjust, than that we should continue our Esteem for Valour when it
degenerates, and both the Motive Men set out with, and the Scope they
aim at, are palpably destructive. Anger, Pride, Envy, and several other
Passions, are capable of subduing Fear. But, as these Principles are
evil in themselves, so it is impossible that the End to be obtain'd by
them should be commendable. What perverse and miserable Judges are we
then, that applaud a Person's Intrepidity in fighting a Duel, when in
the Act itself, we see him willfully violate the Laws of God and Man?
But should human Honour here break in upon me, and my Reasoning, how
right soever, be overpower'd by the irresistable Clamour of the
fashionable World, what can be said for the senseless Intimidity of a
vulgar Rogue, who not only professes an utter Disregard to Honour and
Conscience, but has likewise, at his first Setting out, as a Preliminary
to his Business, disclaim'd all Pretences to common Honesty? Why should
we delight in the Intrepidity, tho' it was real, of a Villain in his
Impiety? Why should Christians be pleased to see a great Sinner give up
his Ghost impenitent; or imagine that he dies bravely, because he bids
Defiance to Heaven, and boldly plunges himself into an Abyss of eternal
Misery? Yet nothing is more common amongst us: And the further a Man is
removed from Repentance, nay, the more void he seems to be of all
Religion, and the less Concern he discovers for Futurity, the more he is
admired by our sprightly People: Whereas, he who shews but the least
Sorrow for his Sins, or, by his Tears, or Dismality of Gestures, lets us
know that he is under Apprehensions of the divine Wrath, is a weak silly
Creature, not worth looking at: And he only, in the Opinion of many,
dies like a Man, who, in reality, goes off most like a Brute. But some
of my Readers, perhaps, will have nothing to do with Christianity.
Suppose, then, we lay by that Consideration; I grant, that to subdue
the Terrors of Death is a manifest Token of Intrepidity, and promise to
pay Homage to true Courage wheresoever I can meet with it; only let us
not be imposed upon, but try the Valour of this undaunted Hero, whether
it be genuine. No Man can conquer the Fear of Death, but by something
superior to it: What is the Power that supports him in the Conflict, and
what Principle does he act from? It is not his Innocence, for his Guilt
is publick, and his Crimes are proved upon him. It is not Zeal for
Religion, nor the Love of his Country: He pretends to neither. Yet it
must be some mighty Principle of vast Force and Efficacy; for if he acts
consistently, he despises not only Death, but the Wrath of Omnipotence,
and a Punishment just at Hand, that shall be everlasting. Will you say
that he firmly believes that there is no God, nor Life after this, and
that Man is wholly mortal? Suppose it; that's no Support against Death
itself: But look narrowly into him, and you will alter your Opinion,
even as to that. The Enthusiasm of Atheists has other Symptoms;
deplorable as it is, the Appearance of it is more sedate, and they make
some Pretences to Reasoning: But what Probability is there, that a poor
Rascal, who was brought up in Ignorance, and perhaps cannot read, one
who never troubled his Head with thinking, much less with thinking on
abstruse Matters, and Metaphysicks, should so far lose himself in the
Mazes of Philosophy, as to become a speculative Atheist.

Since, then, we can find no Principle from which it is possible a common
Villain should derive his Undauntedness, it is evident that what we see
is spurious, and the Bravery we admire only counterfeited, and false at
Bottom. The Terror of Death inwardly excruciates him; But his Fear of
shewing this, of being called a Coward, and laugh'd at by his
Companions, has some Command over his outward Appearance; therefore,
(not to be found out,) sometimes he swears or scoffs at Religion; at
others he mixes forc'd Laughter with the vilest Language, and trys all
the Strength of Brutality to keep down a struggling Conscience, and
appear more atheistical and obdurate than, to his Sorrow, he feels
himself to be. But his Impudence would soon fail him, and his
inexhaustible Stock be but a weak Match for the Agonies he suffers, if
he took not Refuge in strong Liquors. These are his only Support, and
Drunkenness the Cause of his Intrepidity. Should I be told, that in many
of them no Signs are seen either of Fear or Ebriety, it would be of no
Force against my Assertion: As great Fear sinks, so hard Drinking raises
the Spirits: They are two Enemies, that, when equally match'd, may, by
mutual Conflict, easily disarm and hinder the Operations or each other.
Let a curious Observer mind the continual Changes of the Prisoner's
unsettled Behaviour, the wild Manner of his Actions, and, above all, the
greedy Haste, with which he throws down every Thing potable and
intoxicating, and he will soon perceive that our Sham-Hero drinks
neither with Comfort, nor for Pleasure, and seems to expect no other
Benefit from it, than that it may take away his Senses, and hinder him
from thinking. Are not they fine Judges, who are imposed upon by such
pusillanimous Wretches, that are so far from having conquer'd the Fear
of Death, that they go out of the World without having ever dared one
Moment soberly to think of it; and of whom it can only be said, that
they died hard and unmov'd, because they were senseless, and with the
Courage of a Stone suffer'd themselves, without Thought, to drop into
Eternity?

The Mischief that these Patterns of Impenitence, together with the
Applause that is given them, must produce in a vast and opulent City,
will appear from the following Consideration. It is necessary to the
publick Peace and Security, that Burglary, Robbing in the Streets, or on
the Highway, and all those Crimes where Violence is mix'd with
Injustice, should be capitally punish'd: But considering on the one
hand, how much more prone Men are to Ease and Pleasure, than they are to
Industry and Labour; and, on the other, the Generality of human Wants,
and the unequal Distributions of Fortune to supply them, it must be
acknowledg'd, that where Men are without Shame and Education, and
consequently not affected with the Ties either of Honour or Religion,
Poverty itself is a strong Temptation to Thieving, when Opportunities
offer. The greatest Charity, therefore, and Compassion we can shew to
our Fellow-Creatures, is an extraordinary Severity, and never-ceasing
Watchfulness in a Government against the first Approaches of Dishonesty.
It is with this View that the Provision of the Legislature, that such
Offenders should be punish'd with Death, is to be vindicated; tho' the
Punishment is greater than the Laws, framed by God himself for the
_Jewish_ Commonwealth, inflicted; or what natural Justice, proportioning
the Punishment to the Crime, seems to require: For it is not the Death
of those poor Souls that is chiefly aim'd at in Executions, but the
Terror we would have it strike in others of the same loose Principles:
And, for the same Reason, these Executions are little better than
Barbarity, and sporting away the Lives of the indigent Vulgar, if those
valuable Sacrifices we are obliged to make to the publick Safety, are
render'd insignificant. If no Remedy can be found for these Evils, it
would be better that Malefactors should be put to Death in private; for
our publick Executions are become Decoys, that draw in the Necessitous,
and, in effect, as cruel as frequent Pardons; instead of giving Warning,
they are examplary the wrong Way, and encourage where they should deter.
The small Concern, and seeming Indolence of the Condemn'd, harden the
Profligates that behold them, and confirm to them, by ocular
Demonstration, what they encourage one another with in viler Language,
(low, as it is, permit me to mention it,) _That there is nothing in
being hang'd, but awry Neck, and a wet pair of Breeches._

CHAP. V.

_Of Regulations concerning_ FELONS _in Prison, and the good Effects
to be expected from them._

What has been said in the foregoing Chapters, in relation to common
_Felons_, has pointed at the evil Customs, Mismanagements, and perverse
Opinions, that prevail amongst us. I shall now conclude what I proposed
to publish on this Subject with offering some Proposals towards a better
Usage of them in Prison; and the good Effect such Alterations, in all
Probability, would produce. All which, without Arrogance or Presumption,
I submit to better Judgment.

_First_, I would have every one of the Malefactors lock'd up by himself;
and they should never be suffer'd to converse together. It would not be
a very great Expence (where Chimneys, convenient Windows, Order, and
Beauty would be out of the Question:) to build an hundred small Rooms,
perhaps, of twelve Foot Square, that would be strong, beyond the
Possibility of being forced by naked Hands; and, to prevent all Hopes of
breaking Goal, I would have it a Custom made, to search, suspected or
not, all Prisoners, and the Places they are in, every Night before
Bed-time. The Rooms I speak of, I would rather have obscure, than
otherwise; and the small Light they had, far beyond Reach. They, should
all have such Conveniences, that those, who were shut up in them,
should, during their Stay, have no Occasion to stir out of them on any
Account. Thus we might secure Prisoners, without galling them with
Irons, before we are sure that they deserve to be punish'd at all.

_Secondly_, I would have a Law made, to fix a certain number of Days,
after which the Condemned should not have the Benefit of Pardons or
Reprieves, tho' they might be obtain'd. This Time elaps'd, they should
have one Day to bid farewell to Friends and Relations: After which, they
should have three times four and twenty Hours allow'd them, for no other
Purpose, than to make their Peace with Heaven, and prepare themselves
for Death. During this time, they should be inaccessible to all but a
sober Keeper, to take Care of them, and a Clergyman, to assist them in
Spirituals. And here I beg leave to observe, that Men of Reputation, who
live in Credit, and by their Learning, or exemplary Lives, have acquired
the Publick Esteem, are fitter for this Task, than others of small
Parts, and no Repute; that, labouring under narrow Circumstances, for a
poor Salary, and some miserable Perquisites, take upon them this weighty
Province, as a Livelihood and Business, to be constantly follow'd. The
more Respect and Reverence are paid to Divines, and the higher their
Dignity is, the greater Opportunity they have of making themselves
serviceable in every Branch of their Function, but more especially that
Part of it now under Consideration. In other Protestant Countries,
beyond Sea, the Ministers of the National Church perform this Office,
either by Turns, or as the Criminal, and sometimes the Magistrate,
desire it. In most Employments Use makes Perfectness, but here it
incapacitates: and was a Man, even of the greatest Prudence and
Watchfulness over himself, always to converse with Rogues, and do
nothing else but instruct and attend Malefactors in their last Hours,
the very Habit he would contract from it, would spoil him for that
Purpose: And it is impossible, but constant Practice wou'd, in a little
Time, wear out, or at least take off the greatest Part of that
Earnestness and Concern, which ought to be inseparable from the Charge I
speak of.

The greater Provision we made for the Souls and future Happiness of
these short-liv'd Sinners, the less Indulgence we should have for their
Bodies and sensual Appetites: And I would have it strictly observed,
that from the Moment their Death was fixed, 'till their Execution, they
should receive nothing for Sustenance but Bread and Water; and of either
what they would. I would, moreover, have it enacted, That every Year a
certain number of dead Bodies, not under six, should be allowed to
Physicians and Surgeons, for Anatomical Uses, not to be made choice of
till after Death, in such a Manner, that no Felon could be sure this
would not be his Lot.

If they should complain, that the miserable Diet they were confined to,
was a Severity that disturbed their Thoughts, and hinder'd their
Devotion, it would be a Sign, that their Minds were not yet turned the
right Way: But this Grievance, a short Time and Necessity will never
fail to cure. The harsher that Article may seem, the more Efficacy it
would be of, in deterring Rogues from Mischief: For I do not doubt but
most of them would look upon the wholsome Regulations in Prison here
mentioned, as the most considerable Part of the Punishment they were to
suffer; though, I confess, that what I have in View by this low Diet,
chiefly regards the eternal Welfare of those unhappy People, as it
would be instrumental to an early Repentance. When, free from Fumes of
Food, and all intoxicating Comforts, the serious Thoughts of a Criminal
shall be obliged to dwell upon his wretched Self, and behold the
Prospect of a future State so near, so certainly to come, the loosest
and most abandon'd will be brought to Reason. Death being unavoidable,
and nothing upon Earth to save him, Self-defence will make him turn his
Eyes elsewhere: His continued Abstinence will help to clear his
Understanding; then searching after Truth, he will be soon convinced of
the Folly and Weakness of those Arguments, by which he had been used to
harden his Conscience, keep out Remorse, and fortify his Steadiness in
Guilt.

When a Man thus wean'd from the World, and all the Hopes of Life, should
be drawn forth from his dark and solitary Dungeon, once more enjoy the
open Air, and see himself exposed to gazing Multitudes, there met on
purpose to feed their Curiosity at his Expence; when the Paleness of his
Countenance, and the Shaking of every Limb, should, without Disguise,
reveal the Motions of his Heart; and his Spirits neither confounded, nor
buoy'd up by inebriating Liquors, should discover their real Condition
and Incapacity to uphold their trembling Tenement; the Spectacle would
be awful, and strike the Hearts of the Beholders: When seated on the
ignominious Cart, by his restless Posture, the Distortion of his
Features, and the continual wringing of his Hands, he should disclose
his Woe within, and the utmost depth of Sorrow: When we should hear his
shrill Cries and sad Complaints interrupted with bitter Sobs and anxious
Groans, and now and then, at sudden Starts, see Floods of Tears gushing
from his distracted Eyes, how thoroughly would the Concurrence of so
many strong Evidences convince us of the Pangs, the amazing Horror, and
unspeakable Agonies of his excruciated Soul!

Common Stubbornness and Stupidity could not be Proof against all this;
and the Licentious Rabble of both Sexes, that make now the most
considerable part of those dismal Processions, would not attend in such
tumultuous Crowds. Few Profligates would be able to stand the Shock of
Sounds and Actions so really tragical: Many would run away for fear of
rouzing the Lion kept chain'd within, and waking a guilty Conscience
from the Lethargy they have thrown it in with so much Labour. They would
not follow long to behold a Scene so little to their Purpose; and
whatever Multitudes of them might set out with these Penitents, they
would drop off, and dwindle away by Degrees; even the most obdurate
would sicken at such a Sight, and turning from it to less displeasing
Objects, seek after more suitable Diversions. The Absence of so many
Rake-hells, that only take delight in Mischief, would render these
Tragedies more solemn, and, at the same Time, make room for Spectators
of a better Sort, and lesser Sinners, on whom, in all Probability, they
would have a more desirable Effect. It is not to be express'd, what
lasting and useful Impressions such Shews would make: Many that are
conscious of their Frailty, and the small Power they have of conquering
their Passions, would take an Opportunity from them of adoring the
divine Mercy, for having preserved them hitherto from falling into such
Crimes; even the Voluptuous, that in the Enjoyment of Youth and Vigour,
are enamour'd with Life for the sake of Pleasure, would be startled at
them, and thank God that this was not their Case; and several by the
Fear of Death only, become more serious and reflecting.

Thus much we should gain, at least, in Behalf of Religion, from every
Execution, even of the most sorry Felons, who, void of Sense and
Goodness, only grieve because they are to die, and go they know not
where: But it is more than probable, that some of them would become good
Christians, and make exemplary Ends. When the Condemn'd should, in every
Respect, receive the Treatment I have requir'd, and by this Means,
undisturb'd by earthly Cares, have Leisure, in sober Sadness, to review
their past Life, and examine into the Multitude, as well as Enormity of
their Offences; then, after thorough Contrition, and an open Confession
in Behalf of Justice, animated by Faith, betake to constant Prayer; we
ought to believe that thus exerting themselves in the Work of Salvation,
by the good Guidance of able Divines, and their own unwearied
Endeavours, many of them would find Favour in the Sight of the Almighty;
and that several, even as they went to Death, would be regenerated, and
comforted from above with a strong Assurance of Forgiveness. What a
visible Alteration would it not make in them, when they should perceive
their Spirits, that the Moment before were overwhelm'd with Grief, or
fill'd with black Despair, cherish'd and enlighten'd by the powerful
Beams of heavenly Grace and Clemency: Transported with the Prospect of
approaching Bliss they then would wish to die, and rejoice that they
should be made Examples to frighten Evil-doers from their Ways.

But when they should consider, what Acts of Devotion and unfeigned
Piety, what Works of superlative Charity would be necessary, if they
were to live, to atone for the heinous Crimes and manifold
Transgressions they had been guilty of against God and their Neighbour,
how would it rouze their Souls, and how eager would it not render them,
in the most profitable Manner, to spend the small Remains of Life!
Sometimes they would deter the wicked and in the same Breath solicite
Heaven for their Conversion: At others, reasoning from the Changes they
had experienced within, they would combat Impiety with Vehemence, and
conjure Unbelievers no longer to doubt of an everlasting Futurity: They
would paint to them, in the strongest Colours, the Horrors they had felt
from an accusing Conscience, and the Abyss of Misery they had been
plunged in, whilst yet labouring under the dire Reflection on eternal
Vengeance; And thus, mixing fervent Prayers with strenuous Exhortation,
they would employ the few Moments, that were left them, in Exercises
intirely spiritual and holy.

How such Conversions would affect the Minds of all that saw or heard
them, cannot be better imagin'd than by examining our selves. When we
had seen an half-starv'd Wretch, that look'd like Death, come shivering
from his Prison, and hardly able to speak or stand, get with Difficulty
on the slow uncomfortable Carriage; where, at the first Rumbling of it,
he should begin to weep, and as he went, dissolve in Tears, and lose
himself in incoherent Lamentations, it would move us to Compassion. But
with what Astonishment would it not fill us, to behold the same
Creature, near the fatal Tree, become lively, glow with Zeal, and, in
Strength of Voice and Action, excell the most vigorous Preachers! All
this we might expect; and that those of Wit and Genius, as certainly
there are among them, would often light on new and convincing Arguments
to warn the Sinner: Nay, some of them prove stupendious Orators, that
would not only spread Amazement all around them, but likewise find
uncommon Ways to reach the Heart with Violence, and force Repentance on
their Hearers. It is Stupidity to doubt the vast Use such Executions
would be of, to compass Happiness both here and hereafter; and should we
regard the first only, it would be no Exaggeration to assert, that one
of them would be more serviceable to the Peace and Security of this
immense City, than a thousand of those that are now so frequent among
us.

CHAP. VI.

_Of_ TRANSPORTATION: _And a Method to render that Punishment more
effectual._

When I concluded the last, I thought not to have tired the Reader any
longer with the Subject of Malefactors: But it has been remonstated to
me since, that what I had wrote, would seem very defective, and this
Treatise be, in reality, imperfect, if I said nothing of Transportation;
which, for some Years last past, on many Occasions, has been
substituted, and inflicted in the room of capital Punishment; and
having, at the same Time, been furnish'd with a Hint concerning this
Affair, that may be of admirable Use, I cannot forbear imparting it to
the Publick. There is no doubt but the Design of Transporting Felons,
instead of hanging them, when their Crimes were not very enormous, was
just and commendable, and it was reasonable to expect that it would have
proved a powerful Remedy against the grand Evil I have all along
complain'd of, and which has been so often repeated. But our subtle
Criminals have found out Means hitherto to render it ineffectual: Some
have made their Escape in the Voyage itself; others, condemn'd to this
Punishment, never have been put on board; several have reach'd the
Plantations, but been return'd again by the first Shipping, and great
Numbers have been come back before half their Time was expir'd. Those
that are forced to stay, do very little Service themselves, and spoil
the other Slaves, teaching the _Africans_ more Villany and Mischief than
ever they could have learn'd without the Examples and Instructions of
such _Europeans_. We have loud Complaints from all the Islands, that we
send such Numbers, and they know not what to do with them. As they come
from _England_, and are to serve _English_ Men, their Colour, as well as
Country and Language, plead for them; and the Masters that complain of
them, are to blame themselves for treating them with less Severity than
they do the innocent, as well as unfortunate Blacks, and more remisly
than they ought, if they consider'd that these Country Men of theirs are
sent thither on purpose to work, and are condemn'd to Hard Labour, as a
Punishment for their Crimes. The mild Usage our Felons receive beyond
Sea, and the many Examples of such as come back before their Time, with
Impunity, have quite destroy'd the End which Transportation was design'd
for. The Criminals have no dread against it, remain as they were
themselves, and do no Service to others.

To redress this, there is an Expedient that may immediately be put
into practice, and is, to my thinking, every way unexceptionable;
for it would effectually prevent the returning of the Felons,
make them serviceable in the most extraordinary Manner, and,
at the same Time, be terrible beyond Expression. The Use I would put
them to is, the Redemption of Slaves, that in _Morocco_, as well as
_Tunis_, _Algiers_, and other Places on the Coast of _Barbary_, groan
under a miserable Servitude. Should it be objected, that such abandon'd
People would turn Mahometans, and our selves become accessary to their
eternal Ruin, I would ask what Surety we had for those that were there
already. Amongst our Seafaring Men, the Practice of Piety is very
scarce: Abundance of them lead very bad Lives, who yet, as to the Love
of their Country, and the _Meum & Tuum_, are very honest Fellows. There
are not many that are well grounded in the Principles of their Religion,
or would be capable of maintaining it against an Adversary of the least
Ability; and we are not certain, that under great Temptations, they
would remain stedfast to the Christian Faith. The Danger then of
Apostacy being the same in both, we must be manifestly the Gainers, when
we change lazy cowardly Thieves, and incorrigible Rogues for brave,
laborious, and useful People. It would be no difficult Matter to enter
into Negotiations with the several Powers of _Barbary_ for this Purpose;
neither is it reasonable to imagine, that they would scruple to take our
Felons on account of the bad Lives they had led, or refuse any for their
Impudence, Wickedness, or Aversion to Labour. They consider and manage
their Slaves as we do our Cattle; and it is their Age, their Health, the
Soundness of their Limbs, and their Strength, they examine into, with
little Regard to their Temper or their Morals: They are ever watchful
over them, without trusting to their Honesty, or expecting any voluntary
Obedience from them. If bought Servants are able, Masters there have
sure Ways to make them work. They laugh at Stubborness and refractory
Spirits, and their steady Severity is a sovereign Remedy against Sloth,
and all other Failings of the Will: From all which it is highly
probable, that a Barbarian would be glad to change an elderly honest
Man, pretty well worn, and above Fifty, for a sturdy House-breaker of
Five and twenty: And as to those that might be pretty equal, as to Years
and Abilities, what if we should give them three for two, or two for
one? I am sure we could be no Losers. Those likewise that are known to
be in Quality superior to common Sailors, might be redeem'd by still a
greater Number of Felons; or, at the worst, they could be no Sufferers
by the Exchanges of the others.

What I am speaking of, I confess would be a very severe Punishment for
Felony; but I cannot imagine, how we can think on the Rigour of it,
without reflecting, at the same Time, on the Inhumanity we are guilty of
in the small Concern we often shew, for many Years, for the Captivity of
those who have deserv'd no Punishment at all. The greater the Calamities
are of that cruel Bondage, the more reasonable it is, that the Guilty
should suffer it rather than the Innocent. It is unpardonable not to
deliver from the Yoke of Infidels, when it is in our Power, our Fellow
Subjects, whom we have no Complaint against. When sufficient Sums cannot
be rais'd to redeem them with Money, what should hinder us from doing it
at the Expence of Miscreants, whom it is Injustice not to punish, and
who, out of Chains, cannot be otherwise than noxious to the Publick? If
this be duly weigh'd, I doubt not, but what, at first, seems to be the
greatest Objection to this Proposal, would, on further Reflection, be
found an unanswerable Argument why we should embrace it. There would
likewise be room always, with fresh Supplies of Felons, to release
those, who might be cured, or, at least, thought to have been
sufficiently punish'd; and, to prevent all Tricks and Escapes, this
Service might be perform'd by Men of War instead of Merchant Men, or
Transports. This effectual Manner of Transportation, as Felons are
treated, and Things are managed now, would be more dreadful than
hanging, whilst it was only talk'd of; but when it came to the Push, and
Criminals came near, and under the Gallows, there would be very few, if
they were sober enough to think at all, that, before the Cart drove
away, would not change their Minds, put off the evil Hour if they could,
and chuse Slavery, or any Thing else, to avoid immediate Death. But
then, if the Regulations I have offer'd in the foregoing Chapter
were likewise to be put in Practice, the forc'd Abstinence, and
unavoidable Sobriety in Prison, with the other Preparations before
Detail, and the Journey from _Newgate_ to _Tyburn_, without Hopes
of Pardon or Reprieve, would strike great Terror even at a Distance; by
which Means, the Thoughts of either would be insupportable, and there
would be no great Purchase in the Choice.